In the International System of Units, the unit of B, magnetic flux density, is the tesla (in SI base units: kilogram per second 2 per ampere), : 21 which is equivalent to newton per meter per ampere. In electromagnetics, the term magnetic field is used for two distinct but closely related vector fields denoted by the symbols B and H. Since both strength and direction of a magnetic field may vary with location, it is described mathematically by a function assigning a vector to each point of space, called a vector field. Magnetic fields surround magnetized materials, electric currents, and electric fields varying in time. In addition, a nonuniform magnetic field exerts minuscule forces on "nonmagnetic" materials by three other magnetic effects: paramagnetism, diamagnetism, and antiferromagnetism, although these forces are usually so small they can only be detected by laboratory equipment. : ch13 : 278 A permanent magnet's magnetic field pulls on ferromagnetic materials such as iron, and attracts or repels other magnets. A moving charge in a magnetic field experiences a force perpendicular to its own velocity and to the magnetic field. The shape of the magnetic fields of a permanent magnet and an electromagnet are revealed by the orientation of iron filings sprinkled on pieces of paperĪ magnetic field is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence on moving electric charges, electric currents, : ch1 and magnetic materials.
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